ÿþ<html> <head> <!-- /1 --> <title>Scientific works in Russian :: Bumali Project</title> <!-- 2/ --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index2.css"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="____index.js"></script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"><!-- background="pic/z.gif" onload="preloadImages();" --> <!-- page/ --> <table width="100%" height="100%" align=center cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <!-- header/ --> <tr height=240> <td background="pic/z_header.jpg"> <table width=945 height=240 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr> <td width=41> <!-- 645 + 300 = 945 --> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=41 height=1 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> <td width=152> <a href="/"><img src="pic/logo.gif" width="152" height="240" border=0 alt="Bumali Project"></a><br> </td> <td width=170> <div style="position:relative;top:204px;left:14px"> <a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2en1.gif" width="45" height="31" border=0 alt="English"></a><a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2ru0.gif" width="54" height="31" border=0 alt="Russian"></a><a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2cn0.gif" width="33" height="31" border=0 alt="Chinese"></a><br> </div> </td> <td width=282> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=282 height=1 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> <td width=300> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=4 border=0 alt=""><br> <!--include virtual="ssi/menu-en.shtml"--> <ul> <li><a class=noir2 href="indexch.shtml">Home page</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="01hart.shtml">Sir Robert Hart</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="02customs.shtml">The Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="03expeditions.shtml">The British expeditions to China</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="04tsungli.shtml">Tsungli Yamen</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="05treaties.shtml">China, Japan, Korea, and Powers. Treaties</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="06war.shtml">Franco-Chinese War 1884-1885</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="07maps.shtml">Maps</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="08contact.shtml">Works in Russian</a> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr height=9> <td class="paper1"> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=9 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> </tr> <!-- /header --> <!-- middle part/ --> <tr height="100%"> <td class="paper2"> <br> <table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="42" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="462" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="22" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="372" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td width="100%"><img src="pic/v.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="pic/leftpane.jpg" width="42" height="422" border=0 alt=""><br><br></td> <td class="content"> <!-- /2 --> <!-- content/ --> <h3>© Ma@8O C3@>20</h3> <h1> >;L =5>D8F80;L=>9 48?;><0B88 5;8:>1@8B0=88 2 C@53C;8@>20=88 D@0=:>-:8B09A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 1883-1885 33.</h1> <p><i>XXXVII =0CG=0O :>=D5@5=F8O "1I5AB2> 8 3>AC40@AB2> 2 8B05". .: >AB.;8B., 2007. A.92-104.</i></p> <p> @57C;LB0B5 2>>@C65==>3> 402;5=8O =0 8B09 2 E>45 >?8C<=KE 2>9= A5@548=K XIX 25:0 4;O 8=>AB@0==>9 B>@3>2;8 1K;8 >B:@KBK =5:>B>@K5 :8B09A:85 B>@3>2K5 ?>@BK. 4=0:> 8E >B:@KB85 5I5 =5 >7=0G0;> =0G0;> H8@>:><0AHB01=>9 B>@3>2;8. >4?8A0=85 2 @57C;LB0B5 >?8C<=KE 2>9= =5@02=>?@02=KE 4>3>2>@>2 (A<. [4]) <564C 70?04=K<8 45@6020<8 8 8B05< AB0;> ?5@2K< H03>< : A>740=8N @KG03>2 402;5=8O =0 F8=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2>.  53> @57C;LB0B5 <564C 8B05< 8 0?04>< A;>68;0AL :0G5AB25==> =>20O D>@<0 2708<>>B=>H5=89.</p> <p> =0G0;5 80-E 33. XIX 25:0 @0728B85 :0?8B0;87<0 2 5;8:>1@8B0=88 C65 1K;> AB5A=5=> 3@0=8F0<8 >4=>9 AB@0=K 8 B@51>20;> =>2KE @K=:>2 A1KB0. @><5 B>3>, ?5@54 =59 AB028;8AL 7040G8 AB@0B538G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0, 0 8<5==>  C:@5?;5=85 A2>8E ?>78F89 2 CA;>28OE =0G02H53>AO @0745;0 <8@0, >3@><=CN @>;L 2 :>B>@>< 4>;65= 1K; 83@0BL 8 8B09.  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[22, c.416, 425]).</p> <p>==0< O2;O;AO 20AA0;>< 8B0O, >B:0702H8<AO >D8F80;L=> ?@87=0BL A2>N =57028A8<>ABL >B 8B0O, > :>B>@>9 3>2>@8;>AL 2 !093>=A:>< 4>3>2>@5 1874, 70:;NG5==>< A $@0=F859. >A;54=OO 2B>@3;0AL =0 B5@@8B>@8N ">=:8=0, =5 AG8B0OAL A AN75@5==K<8 ?@020<8 8B0O. &8=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> =0?@028;> 2 40==K9 @09>= A2>8 2>9A:0, ?>445@602 B0:65 459AB28O ?@>B82 D@0=FC7A:8E 2>9A: «G5@=KE D;03>2». </p> <p> =>O1@5 1882 3>40 $@0=F8O ?>4?8A0;0 A 8 %C=G60=>< 4>3>2>@, ?> :>B>@><C @0A=0O @5:0 1K;0 >B:@KB0 4;O 8=>AB@0==>9 B>@3>2;8. 4=0:> 25A=>9 1882 3. 0==0<A:0O 0@<8O A>2<5AB=> A >B@O40<8 «G5@=KE D;03>2» =0=5A;8 ?>@065=85 D@0=FC7A:8< 2>9A:0<. >5==K5 459AB28O ?@>4>;60;8AL 2 1883-1884 33.  0?@5;5 1884 3. %0@B ?@54?@8=O; ?>?KB:8 C@53C;8@>20BL D@0=:>-:8B09A:85 @07=>3;0A8O, =0?@0282 2 0@86 A2>5 4>25@5==>5 ;8F>, .M<?15;;0. >A;54=89 4>;65= 1K; ?>4 ?@54;>3>< >1AC645=8O 2>?@>A0 > AB@>8B5;LAB25 <0O:>2, 2>7=8:H53> 2 @57C;LB0B5 0@5AB0 D@0=FC70<8 B0<>65==>3> :@59A5@0 «5BOI89 B83@», 8A?>;L7>20BL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@O<>3> >1I5=8O A ?@5<L5@-<8=8AB@>< $@0=F88, .$5@@8 8 ;8G=> 25AB8 ?5@53>2>@K > 2>7<>6=>AB8 70:;NG5=8O A 8B05< <8@=>3> A>3;0H5=8O. >2>@O A;>20<8 %0@B0, «45;> A «5BOI8< B83@><» 1K;> ?>40@:>< 510, :;NG>< : =0G0;C ?5@53>2>@>2 A $5@@8» (A<. [23, c.388-389]).</p> <p>3-7 <0O 1884 3. 8<?5@0B>@A:89 42>@ C?>;=><>G8; 8 %C=G60=0 25AB8 ?5@53>2>@K 8 ?>4?8A0BL A>3;0H5=85 A D@0=FC7A:>9 AB>@>=>9. @028B5;LAB2> 8<?5@0B@8FK &KA8 8=AB@C:B8@>20;> 53> >BAB0820BL AN75@5=8B5B 8B0O ?> >B=>H5=8N : ==0<C, =5 >B:@K20BL 4;O 52@>?59A:>9 B>@3>2;8 ?@>28=F8N .==0=L, 27OBL ?>4 70I8BC 0@<8N «G5@=KE D;03>2». 4=0:> 11 <0O 1884 3. 8 %C=G60= 70:;NG8; A $@0=F859 2 ;8F5 -.$C@=L5 "O=LF78=A:89 4>3>2>@ A>25@H5==> =0 8=KE CA;>28OE. > =5<C 8B09 ?@87=020; ?@>B5:B>@0B $@0=F88 =04 ==0<><, >1O7K20;AO =5<54;5==> 2K25AB8 A2>8 30@=87>=K 87 ">=:8=0, 25AB8 B>@3>2;N A $@0=F859 =0 3@0=8F0E !525@=>3> L5B=0<0 =0 CA;>28OE, >?@545;5==KE 2 A?5F80;L=>< B>@3>2>< A>3;0H5=88.  40==>< 4>3>2>@5 =5 >3>20@820;8AL A@>:8 2K2>40 :8B09A:8E 2>9A: 87 ">=:8=0. !B>;:=>25=8O <564C :8B09A:8<8 8 D@0=FC7A:8<8 2>9A:0<8 ?@>4>;60;8AL. 4=0:> >D8F80;L=> 2>9=0 5I5 >1JO2;5=0 =5 1K;0. </p> <p> ?8AL<5 >B 18 <0O 1884 3. 8 %C=G60= ?8A0; 2 &C=;8O<K=L: «>;CG5=0 B5;53@0<<0 87 >=4>=0: $@0=F8O B@51C5B :><?5=A0F88. & 0@86A:85 3075BK 3>2>@OB > AC<<5 2 1 <8;;8>= DC=B>2 AB5@;8=3>2. $@0=F8O 1C45B C45@6820BL $CG6>C 2 :0G5AB25 70;>30. 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» (A<. [23, c. 377]). M<?15;; >B25B8; %0@BC: «$5@@8 =8G53> B0: =5 65;05B, :0: ?@O<>3> 4>3>2>@0 A &C=;8O<K=5< G5@57 0A, => B0: :0: K =5 O2;O5B5AL =8 :8B09A:8< 8=8AB@>< =>AB@0==KE 45;, =8 G;5=>< ?@028B5;LAB20, >= ?@>A8B ?>4B25@645=8O >B &C=;8O<K=O 0H8E ?>;=><>G89 8 30@0=B89 0H53> ?>A@54=8G5AB20» (A<. [17, c. 600]). </p> <p>>?@>A CG0AB8O M<?15;;0 2 ?5@53>2>@=>< ?@>F5AA5 1K; >4>1@5= =5 B>;L:> F8=A:8< ?@028B5;LAB2><. = B0:65 >1AC640;AO 8 A 1@8B0=A:>9 AB>@>=>9. 9 O=20@O 1885 3. M<?15;; A>>1I0; 87 >=4>=0 %0@BC > B><, GB> «2845;AO A @5=28;;><& . = 8A:@5==5 ?>445@68205B ?>A@54=8G5AB2> 8 2708<>>B=>H5=8O A $5@@8» (A<. [23, c. 377]). 10 O=20@O M<?15;; B09=> >B?@028;AO 2 0@86 8 =0G0; ?@82>48BL 2 8A?>;=5=85 ?;0= %0@B0. > 2@5<O 2B>@>9 2AB@5G8 A $5@@8 24 O=20@O M<?15;; ?>A;5 >1AC645=8O 2>?@>A0 > «5BOI5< B83@5» ?5@5H5; : ?@>1;5<5 7025@H5=8O D@0=:>-:8B09A:>9 2>9=K. = 8=D>@<8@>20; 25 O=20@O 87 0@860: «$5@@8 A:070;, GB> >= A59G0A C65 <>65B A:070BL, GB> 5A;8 @57>;NF8O >D8F80;L=> =0?@O<CN 1C45B ?@8=OB0 &C=;8O<K=5<, B> MB> 1C45B >14C<0=>. / A?@>A8;, :0:8< >1@07>< A45;0BL MB> =0?@O<CN? $5@@8 >B25B8;, GB> <>6=> G5@57 =07=0G5==>3> 2 "O=LF78=L D@0=FC7A:>3> :>=AC;0. $5@@8 >G5=L 256;82» (A<. [23, c. 382]).</p> <p>0<=5< ?@5B:=>25=8O 2 >1AC645=88 1K; 2>?@>A 3@0=8FK <564C ==0<>< 8 8B05< 8 >AB0=>2:8 ?@>42865=8O D@0=FC7A:8E 2>9A: 2 ">=:8=. 4 D52@0;O 1885 3>40 %0@B 25;5; M<?15;;C 2KOA=8BL >B=>H5=85 D@0=FC7A:>3> ?@5<L5@-<8=8AB@0 : A>E@0=5=8N 40==8G5A:8E >B=>H5=89 <564C ==0<>< 8 8B05<, GB> «?>72>;8;> 1K 8B0N «A>E@0=8BL ;8F>». KA>:>5 =0?@O65=85 8;8 >B:@KB>5 2K@065=85 =54>25@8O 2@548B @5?CB0F88 8B0O 8 <5H05B <8@=><C @07@5H5=8N ?5@53>2>@=>3> ?@>F5AA0 8 ?>=8<0=8N ?@>1;5<K» (A<. [23, c. 385]). </p> <p>21 D52@0;O %0@B B5;53@0D8@>20; M<?15;;C: «2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O ?5@53>2>@K ?>;=>ABLN 2 <>8E @C:0E, O B@51CN E@0=8BL 2A5 2 A5:@5B5. <?5@0B>@ C65 8740; ?@8:07 ?@5:@0B8BL ?5@53>2>@K 2 "O=LF78=5, (0=E05, ?@>28=F88 $CF7O=L 2> 871560=85 ?><5E <>8< 459AB28O<» (A<. [26, B. 4, c. 81]). %0@B A=>20 ?>;CG8; ?>;=><>G8O 25AB8 D@0=:>-:8B09A:85 ?5@53>2>@K, 0 B0:65 4>18;AO A>3;0A8O D@0=FC7A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20. 25 D52@0;O $5@@8 2> 2@5<O 2AB@5G8 A M<?15;;>< 70O28;: «?5@5409B5 %0@BC, GB> O A>3;0A5=. 0: 8 >=, O B0:65 =045NAL =09B8 ?>A@54=8:0, >4=0:>, 2A5 =5>1E>48<> E@0=8BL 2 A5:@5B5, 2?;>BL 4> 2>7>1=>2;5=8O >D8F80;L=KE ?5@53>2>@>2» (A<. [24, B. 4, c. 33]).</p> <p> D52@0;5 1885 3>40 D@0=FC7A:85 2>9A:0 ?>H;8 2 =0ABC?;5=85, F8=A:85 2>9A:0 B5@?5;8 ?>@065=85 ?>4 &78=H0=5<, 2 M=LG6>C, &65=L=0=5.  B><C 65, 2 45:01@5 1884 3>40 2 >@55 ?@>87>H5; ?5@52>@>B, G5< =5 70<54;8;0 2>A?>;L7>20BLAO /?>=8O. >MB><C F8=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> =0AB0820;> =0 CA:>@5=88 ?@O<KE ?5@53>2>@>2 %0@B0 8 $5@@8. > $@0=F88 2 MB> 2@5<O >1AB0=>2:0 B0:65 >A;>6=8;0AL 2 A2O78 A 1;>:04>9 "0920=O, GB> =530B82=> 2;8O;> =0 B>@3>2;N 70?04=KE 45@602. =0 2 MB> 2@5<O 25;0 2>5==K5 459AB28O =0 04030A:0@5. 0?@O65=85 2 55 >B=>H5=8OE A =3;859 1K;> =565;0B5;L=K<. @8 MB8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E %0@B, G5@57 ?@O<>5 CG0AB85 M<?15;;0 2 ?5@53>2>@0E A $5@@8, 4>18;AO CA?5E0 (A<. [21, c. 162]).</p> <p>$@0=F8N, ?@5645 2A53>, 8=B5@5A>20; 2>?@>A > @5?0@0F8OE 8 B>@3>2KE ?@828;538OE. .$5@@8 3 <0@B0 G5@57 M<?15;;0 A?@0H820; %0@B0 > B><, «:0:>2K MB8 B>@3>2K5 ?@828;5388? 'B> >A>15==>3> >=8 <>3CB 40BL $@0=F88, G53> =5 <>3CB 40BL 4@C38< 3>AC40@AB20<? $5@@8 =0<5:=C;, GB> @0=LH5 8 %C=G60= ?@54>AB028; ($@0=F88. - ..) :>=F5AA88 =0 AB@>8B5;LAB2> 65;57=KE 4>@>3» (A<. [23, c. 396]).  <0@B5 1885 3. D@0=FC7A:85 2>9A:0 2B>@3;8AL 2 ">=:8=, 1;>:8@>202 ?>15@56L5, @0718;8 :8B09A:89 D;>B 8 @073@><8;8 0@A5=0; 2 $CG6>C, ?>?KB02H8AL >2;045BL ?>;C>AB@>2>< "0920=L. 4=0:> 26 <0@B0 1885 3. 2 0@865 C7=0;8, GB> ?@8 0=3A>=5 D@0=FC7A:0O 0@<8O =5>6840==> ?>B5@?5;0 ?>@065=85, GB> ?@825;> 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35 : ?045=8N :018=5B0 .$5@@8. </p> <p> 57:>5 87<5=5=85 >1AB0=>2:8 =0 B50B@5 2>5==KE 459AB289, 0 B0:65 ?@028B5;LAB25==K9 :@878A 2K=C48;8 $@0=F8N ?@54;>68BL 8B0N A@>G=> 70:;NG8BL <8@=K9 4>3>2>@. 5;530F8O :8B09A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 8 D@0=FC7A:85 ?@54AB028B5;8, 48?;><0B M.8;>B 2 4 0?@5;O 1885 3. ?>4?8A0;8 D@0=:>-:8B09A:89 ?@5420@8B5;L=K9 4>3>2>@. >A;5 B>3> :0: %0@BC AB0;0 8725AB=0 MB0 =>2>ABL, >= =0?8A0; 2 A@>G=>9 B5;53@0<<5 M<?15;;C: «:0: E>@>H>! 5?;>E> ?@>25@=C;8! / G5AB2CN 8 1;03>40@N B51O!» (A<. [26, B. 4, c. 100]). 7 0?@5;O F8=A:89 42>@ >1=0@>4>20; 45:@5B, @0B8D8F8@>202H89 BO=LF78=A:CN :>=25=F8N, ?> 4>3>2>@C 8B09 =07=0G0; 40BC 2K2>40 2>9A:. 9 8N=O 1885 3>40 1K; ?>4?8A0= 4>3>2>@ > <8@5, ?> :>B>@><C 8B09 ?@87=020; ?@>B5:B>@0B $@0=F88 =04 ==0<><. 8B09 >B:@K20; 4;O 8=>AB@0==>9 B>@3>2;8 ?>3@0=8G=K5 ?C=:BK >:>;> 3>@>4>2 0=3H>= 8 0>:09 2 ==0<5.  A>>B25BAB288 A CA;>28O<8 4>3>2>@0, D@0=FC7A:85 B>20@K >1;030;8AL ;L3>B=K< B0@8D><. 8B09A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> A>3;0H0;>AL 2>A?>;L7>20BLAO CA;C30<8 $@0=F88 2 A;CG05 AB@>8B5;LAB20 65;57=KE 4>@>3 2 .6=>< 8B05.</p> <p>'>=>@ ?8A0; @5=28;;C 29 0?@5;O 1885 3>40: «>340 @5H0B AB@>8BL 65;57=K5 4>@>38, 8B09 >1@0B8BAO : $@0=F88 70 ?><>ILN 8 <0B5@80;0<8. @83@0=8G=K9 B0@8D 2 ">=:8=5 A>AB028B 425 B@5B8 4>3>2>@=>3> B0@8D0. "0<>6=8 A525@0 0=3H>=0 8 0>:0O 1C4CB >B:@KBK 4;O D@0=FC7A:8E B>20@>2, 84CI8E 2 8B09. / 1K ?@54?>;>68;, GB>1K 4;O 1@8B0=A:>9 B>@3>2;8 >B:@K;8 0?04=CN @5:C, 0=B>=» (A<. [7, c. 9]). >E>4 70?04=KE B>@3>2F52 2 8B05 2K@>A 1K, 5A;8 1K 8B09 ?>AB@>8; 65;57=K5 4>@>38, :0=0;K 4> ?@>;82>2, 8 2 F5;>< A>459AB2>20; 1K B>@3>2;5 (A<. [8, c. 513]).</p> <p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c. 218-221]). </p> <p> >4=>< 87 ?8A5< M<?15;;C >= ?8A0;: «>O ?>78F8O :@5?:0 B5?5@L 8 A> 2@5<5=5< 1C45B 5I5 ?@>G=55, => O =5 <>3C 70=8<0BL MB>B ?>AB 25G=>» (A<. [17, c. 599]). >;>65=85 5=5@0;L=>3> =A?5:B>@0 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65= ?>A;5 53> CG0AB8O 2 D@0=:>-:8B09A:>< ?5@53>2>@=>< ?@>F5AA5 AB0;> =0AB>;L:> 7=0G8B5;L=K<, GB> AB0=>28;>AL >G5284=>, GB> 52@>?59A:>9 45@602>9 =><5@ >48= 2 8B05 1C45B B0, G59 ?@54AB028B5;L 709<5B 40==K9 ?>AB (A<. [9, c. 492]). </p> <p>> >1@07FC 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65= 2 40;L=59H5< ?@54?>;030;>AL @5D>@<8@>20BL 5?0@B0<5=B ?> 65;57=K< 4>@>30< 8B0O, => ?@8 MB>< ?@8H;>AL 1K ?5@540BL 8E D8=0=A>2K9 :>=B@>;L 2 @C:8 8=>AB@0=F52 (A<. 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[11, c. 1001]).</p> <p> CA;>28OE 7=0G8B5;L=>9 :>@@C<?8@>20==>AB8 :8B09A:8E G8=>2=8:>2, MB>B <5E0=87<, 2>-?5@2KE, ?>72>;O; A>18@0BL =0;>38 2 <?5@88 8 2K?;0G820BL :>=B@81CF8N 70?04=K< 45@6020<. >-2B>@KE, 2 CA;>28OE B@048F8>==>AB8 :8B09A:>3> >1I5AB20, 8B09A:85 >@A:85 B0<>6=8 AB0=>28;8AL A@54AB2>< ?> <>45@=870F88 8B0O, 2 ?@>F5AA5 G53> H;> D>@<8@>20=85 ?@>70?04=> =0AB@>5==>9 ?@>A;>9:8 :8B09A:8E :><?@04>@>2. = @0AF5=820;AO 0=3;8G0=0<8 =5 8=0G5, :0: C40G=>5 =0G0;> @5>@30=870F88 :8B09A:>3> >1I5AB20. @8 D0:B8G5A:>< 157459AB288 2 8B05 70?04=KE 48?;><0B8G5A:8E :0=0;>2 40==0O «=5>D8F80;L=0O 48?;><0B8O» ?@5:@0A=> ?>4E>48;0 4;O 40;L=59H53> <0AHB01=>3> ?@>=8:=>25=8O 2 8B09 70?04=KE 45@602. </p> <p>@>7@0G=>ABL @01>BK B0<>65= 8 @53C;O@=>5 ?>ABC?;5=85 4>E>4>2 2 F5=B@0;L=CN :07=C 8B0O 4020;> ?>;>68B5;L=K9 MDD5:B, 0 8<5==>  @>AB 02B>@8B5B0 8 4>25@8O : 5=5@0;L=><C =A?5:B>@C B0<>65=, .%0@BC, ?@81;865=85 53> : 8<?5@0B>@A:><C 42>@C 8 ?@52@0I5=85 2 1@8B0=A:>3> 035=B0 2;8O=8O =0 F8=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2>, 0 A0<8E B0<>65=  2 >D8F80;L=K9 >@30= :>A25==>3> D8=0=A>2>3> :>=B@>;O 2 8B05. 5=5@0;L=K9 =A?5:B>@ 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65= 2 >4=>< 87 A2>8E ?8A5< 1@8B0=A:><C ?@5<L5@-<8=8AB@C ;04AB>=C 2 45:01@5 1885 3. ?8A0;: «/ 70254CN CG@5645=85<, :>B>@>5, =5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> =07K205BAO B0<>6=59, 8<55B :C40 1>;55 H8@>:85 ?>;=><>G8O», «D0:B8G5A:8 >=> <>65B @5D>@<8@>20BL :064CN G0ABL 04<8=8AB@0F88 8 ?@><KH;5==>AB8 MB>9 8<?5@88» (A<. 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"0:8< >1@07><, 5;8:>1@8B0=88 C40;>AL A>740BL ?@54?>AK;:8 B@0=AD>@<0F88 :8B09A:>3> >1I5AB20, GB> ?>72>;8;> ?>AB5?5==> 87<5=8BL 53> >B=>H5=85 : 0?04C.</p> <p>@8B0=A:89 8=65=5@, %.!.%0;;5BB, >B<5G0;: «>;LH0O G0ABL 8B0O >B:@KB0 4;O <8@>2>9 B>@3>2;8. >@4 !>;A15@8 70A;C68205B =5 B>;L:> 1;03>40@=>AB8 A> AB>@>=K 5;8:>1@8B0=88, => 8 A> AB>@>=K 8B0O 8 2A5E 4@C38E 3>AC40@AB2, :>B>@K5 65;0NB B>@3>20BL A MB8< :>;>AA0;L=K< @K=:>< 1C4CI53>, 70 B>, GB> >= A45;0; 8 >15I0; A45;0BL 4;O 1C4CI53> @0728B8O <8@>2>9 B>@3>2;8 A &5=B@0;L=K< =4>-8B05< 8 .6=K< 8B05< ?CB5< >B:@KB8O 0?04=>9 5:8 4;O B>@3>2;8. = 70AB028; 8B09 ?@87=0BL ?> ACI5AB2C 8 ?> D>@<5 B>@3>2K5 ?@828;5388, ?>;CG5==K5 D0:B8G5A:8 2A5<8 <8@>2K<8 45@6020<8 2 :0G5AB25 A0<KE 1;03>?@8OBAB2C5<KE =0F89, 8 4>18;AO >15I0=8O <0:A8<0;L=>3> A>459AB28O A> AB>@>=K (:8B09A:>3>. - ..) ?@028B5;LAB20 2 AB@>8B5;LAB25 65;57=>9 4>@>38 ?> =0?@02;5=8N 8@<0-!80<-8B09» [9, c. 501]).</p> <p>#A?5H=>5 7025@H5=85 D@0=:>-:8B09A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 80-E 33. XIX 25:0, ACI5AB25==CN @>;L 2 :>B>@>< AK3@0;0 1@8B0=A:0O «=5>D8F80;L=0O» 48?;><0B8O, 40;> B>;G>: 4;O 2B>@>3> MB0?0 «>B:@KB8O»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p> <h2>AB>G=8:8 8 ;8B5@0BC@0</h2> <p>1.@E82 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 >AA89A:>9 8<?5@88 ( ), D. 8AA8O 2 5:8=5, >?. 761, 4.407. 2. . D. 8B09A:89 AB>;, >?. 491, 4. 2189. 3.>@AC=A:0O .!. 0?8BC;O=BA:0O ?>;8B8:0 F8=A:>3> 42>@0 2 ?5@8>4 D@0=:>-:8B09A:>9 2>9=K 1883-1885 33. // !1>@=8: «0=LG6C@A:>5 2;04KG5AB2> 2 8B05». ., 1966. 4.Treaties, Conventions and etc. between China and foreign states. vol. I-II. Shanghai, 1917. 5.NCR, vol. XVI, 1884. 6.Boulger D.Ch. France and China // NCR, vol.XIII, May, 1883. 7.China No.1. Correspondence respecting the French Treaty with Annam, and Negotiations between France and China. London, 1886. 8.Gundry R.S. Eastern questions far and near (No.1): China, England and Russia // FR, vol. 60 n.s., Oct, 1896. 9.Hallett H. France and Russia in China // NCR, vol. XXXXI, Jan-June, 1897. 10.Diplomacy at Pekin // T, 31 October 1884. 11.Tseng Chitse (calles Chinese minister to England and France). Extracts from the diary of the Marguis Tseng // NCR, vol. XIV, Dec, 1883. 12.Hart R. The Inspector General in Peking, 1868-1907. L., vol.I-II, 1975. 13.Chu S.C. 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AB>@8O <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 8B0O 8 8<?5@80;8AB8G5A:8E 45@602). BB. I-III, 5:8=, 1960. 23.'6C=3> E093C0=L <840=L EM4M, F78=L4M=30=L E0=L4O=LEC91O=L (1874-1907) (!5:@5B=K9 0@E82 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65=, A>1@0=85 B5;53@0<< %0@B0 8 M<?15;;0). B.8, 5:8=, 1995. 24.'6C=3> E093C0=L <840=L EM4M, F78=L4M=30=L E0=L4O=LEC91O=L (!5:@5B=K9 0@E82 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65=, A>1@0=85 B5;53@0<< %0@B0 8 M<?15;;0). B.3, 4, 5:8=, 1992. 25.8 %C=G60= FN0=L F78, 1880-1888. O=L30>8 (!>1@0=85 B5;53@0<<). B.1, (0=E09, 1985. 26.83>G6C8 N9 G6C=3> E093C0=L. '6C=3> E093C0=L N9 G6C=D0 G60=LG6M= (<?5@80;87< 8 8B09A:85 >@A:85 B0<>6=8. 8B09A:85 >@A:85 B0<>6=8 8 D@0=:>-:8B09A:0O 2>9=0). B. 4, 5, 5:8=, 1957. 5@8>48G5A:85 8740=8O: NCR - The Nineteenth Century Review, London FR - The Fortnightly Review, London T - The Times</p> <!-- /content --> <!-- 4/ --> </td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <!-- /middle part --> <!-- footer/ --> <tr height="100%"> <td class="paper2"> <div class="inkwell"> <img src="pic/inkwell.gif" border=0 alt=""><br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height=19> <td class="paper3"> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=19 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> </tr> <tr height=98> <td> <table width="100%" height=98 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr> <td width=422 bgcolor="#456179" background="pic/z_footer.jpg"> <!-- 422 + 300 = 945 --> <div class="whitey"> © Copyright Bumali Project, 2007<br> All rights reserved<br> bumali2000@yahoo.ca<br> Last update: 2009.06.10<br> </div> </td> <td bgcolor="#456179" align="right"> <div style="position:relative;top:8px;left:218px;"> <!-- 472px --> <a href="http://indians.ru/"><img class=alpha30 onMouseOver="this.className='alpha100';" onMouseOut="this.className='alpha30';" src="pic/design-studio.gif" width="88" height="31" border=0 alt="design by ISS, 2007"></a><br> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=4 border=0 alt=""><br> <!-- oriental.ru --> <script language="javascript"> java="1.0"; java1=""+"&refer="+escape(document.referrer)+"&page="+ escape(window.location.href); document.cookie="orirating=1; path=/"; java1+="&c="+(document.cookie?"yes":"no"); </script> <script language="javascript1.1">java="1.1";java1+="&java="+(navigator.javaEnabled()?"yes":"no")</script> <script language="javascript1.2">java="1.2"; java1+="&razresh="+screen.width+'x'+screen.height+"&cvet="+ (((navigator.appName.substring(0,3)=="Mic"))? screen.colorDepth:screen.pixelDepth)</script><script language="javascript1.3">java="1.3"</script> <script language="javascript">java1+="&jscript="+java; document.write("<a href='http://oriental.ru/rating/sta.php?id=425' target='_top'><img class=alpha60 "+ " src='http://oriental.ru/rating/img.php?id=425&"+java1+"&' border=0 width=88 height=31 alt=' 59B8=3 >AB>G=>3> ?>@B0;0'></a>")</script> <noscript><a href=http://oriental.ru/rating/sta.php?id=425 target=_top><img class=alpha60 src="http://oriental.ru/rating/img.php?id=425" border=0 width="88" height="31" alt=" 59B8=3 >AB>G=>3> ?>@B0;0"></a></noscript> <!-- /oriental.ru --> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <!-- /footer --> </table> <!-- /page --> </body> </html>