ÿþ<html> <head> <!-- /1 --> <title>Scientific works in Russian :: Bumali Project</title> <!-- 2/ --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index2.css"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="____index.js"></script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"><!-- background="pic/z.gif" onload="preloadImages();" --> <!-- page/ --> <table width="100%" height="100%" align=center cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <!-- header/ --> <tr height=240> <td background="pic/z_header.jpg"> <table width=945 height=240 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr> <td width=41> <!-- 645 + 300 = 945 --> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=41 height=1 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> <td width=152> <a href="/"><img src="pic/logo.gif" width="152" height="240" border=0 alt="Bumali Project"></a><br> </td> <td width=170> <div style="position:relative;top:204px;left:14px"> <a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2en1.gif" width="45" height="31" border=0 alt="English"></a><a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2ru0.gif" width="54" height="31" border=0 alt="Russian"></a><a href="#"><img src="pic/lang2cn0.gif" width="33" height="31" border=0 alt="Chinese"></a><br> </div> </td> <td width=282> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=282 height=1 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> <td width=300> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=4 border=0 alt=""><br> <!--include virtual="ssi/menu-en.shtml"--> <ul> <li><a class=noir2 href="indexch.shtml">Home page</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="01hart.shtml">Sir Robert Hart</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="02customs.shtml">The Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="03expeditions.shtml">The British expeditions to China</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="04tsungli.shtml">Tsungli Yamen</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="05treaties.shtml">China, Japan, Korea, and Powers. Treaties</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="06war.shtml">Franco-Chinese War 1884-1885</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="07maps.shtml">Maps</a> <li><a class=noir2 href="08contact.shtml">Works in Russian</a> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr height=9> <td class="paper1"> <img src="pic/v.gif" width=1 height=9 border=0 alt=""><br> </td> </tr> <!-- /header --> <!-- middle part/ --> <tr height="100%"> <td class="paper2"> <br> <table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="42" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="462" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="22" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td><img src="pic/v.gif" width="372" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> <td width="100%"><img src="pic/v.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="pic/leftpane.jpg" width="42" height="422" border=0 alt=""><br><br></td> <td class="content"> <!-- /2 --> <!-- content/ --> <h3>© Ma@8O C3@>20</h3> <h1>5@5?8A:0 .%0@B0 A 6..M<?15;;>< 8 8B09A:85 >@A:85 B0<>6=8</h1> <p><i>8@ 2 >2>5 2@5<O. !1>@=8: <0B5@80;>2 52OB>9 2A5@>AA89A:>9 =0CG=>9 :>=D5@5=F88 ABC45=B>2, 0A?8@0=B>2 8 <>;>4KE CG5=KE ?> ?@>1;5<0< <8@>2>9 8AB>@88 XVI-XXI 22. !1.,: 0CG=>5 >1LI5AB2> <>;>4KE 8AB>@8:>2 ">28AB". 2007. 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A2O78 A MB8<, <0B5@80;K B0<>65= 8 G0AB=0O ?5@5?8A:0 >15@B0 %0@B0 A 53> 4>25@5==K< ;8F>< 2 >=4>=5, .M<?15;;><, ?@54AB02;O5B G@572KG09=K9 8=B5@5A 4;O 8AA;54>20B5;O.</p> <p>> A;>20< 8BB;0, 4;8B5;L=K9 ?5@8>4 ?@>@01>B02H53> 2 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>6=OE, «;8G=K5 ?8AL<0 .%0@B0 ..M<?15;;C, 53> ?@54AB028B5;N 2 >=4>=5, - =5 B>;L:> 8AB>G=8: 8=D>@<0F88 > @0728B88 :8B09A:>9 B0<>65==>9 A;C61K, => - C=8:0;L=K5 :><<5=B0@88 ?>;8B8G5A:>9, M:>=><8G5A:>9, 48?;><0B8G5A:>9 8 A>F80;L=>9 8AB>@88 8B0O ?>A;54=59 B@5B8 XIX - =0G0;5 XX 25:0» [A<.: Hart, Vol.I, 1975, @.3]. </p> <p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orton, 1895, @. 237]. ;020 B0<>6=8 1K; :8B09A:8< ?@028B5;LAB25==K< G8=>2=8:>< 8 =570<5=8<K< 4;O 8B0O 8=>AB@0==K< A;C60I8<, >BAB08202H8<, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, ?@020 8 8=B5@5AK F8=A:>3> 42>@0, A 4@C3>9 - O2;O2H8<AO 035=B>< 5;8:>1@8B0=88 2 8B05 [A<.: 8 0=LEC9, 1991, A. 57-58]. @8 MB>< >= =8A:>;L:> =5 ?@5C<5=LH0; 8=B5@5AK ?>A;54=53>, GB> >:07K20;> 1;03>?@8OB=>5 2;8O=85 =0 AB0BCA =3;88. <5O A2>8 A>1AB25==K5 8AB>G=8:8 8=D>@<0F88, %0@B CA?5H=> =0;06820; A2O78 A @C:>2>4AB2>< D8@< 2 =3;88 G5@57 A2>53> 035=B0, .M<?15;;0 [A<.: '60= &78FO=L, 1989, A. 46-56].</p> <br> <br> <p>AB>@8O ?5@5?8A:8 .%0@B0 A .M<?15;;>< :@09=5 8=B5@5A=0. %0@B ?8A0; A2>5<C 035=BC 2 >=4>=5, M<?15;;C A 1868 3. ?> 1907 3. !CI5AB2CNB 420 >?C1;8:>20==KE 20@80=B0 ?5@5?8A:8. 48=  0=3;>O7KG=K9, 8740==K9 ?>4 @540:F859 .$M@10=:0 (A>45@60I89 ;8HL ?8AL<0 %0@B0) [A<.: Hart, 1975], 2B>@>9  =0 :8B09A:>< O7K:5 (2 :>B>@>< A>45@60BAO B5;53@0<<K %0@B0 8 >B25BK M<?15;;0)  «!5:@5B=K9 0@E82 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65=, A>1@0=85 B5;53@0<< %0@B0 8 M<?15;;0» [A<.: '6C=3> %093C0=L..., 1992-1995]. I5 4>1028<, GB> B5:ABK B5;53@0<< %0@B0 2 0=3;89A:>< 8 :8B09A:>< 20@80=B5 A>25@H5==> =5 8<5NB =8G53> >1I53> ?> A2>5<C A>45@60=8N, E>BO 8 8<5NB 845=B8G=CN =C<5@0F8N. </p> <p> 60-E 33. XIX 25:0 =0 B5@@8B>@88 8B0O =5 1K;> =8 65;57=KE 4>@>3, =8 B5;53@0D0, =8 ?>GB>2KE A;C61. 0AA068@K, 3@C7K 8 ?>GB0 4>AB02;O;8AL =0 :>@01;OE ?> @5:0< 8 :0=0;0<. ! <><5=B0 >B?@02;5=8O ?8AL<0 87 5:8=0 4> ?>;CG5=8O >B25B0 87 >=4>=0 <>3;> ?@>9B8 2-3 <5AOF0. 5:8=, @0A?>;>65==K9 2 84 <8;OE >B 1;8609H53> @5G=>3> ?>@B0, 1K; ?@0:B8G5A:8 87>;8@>20= >B >AB0;L=>3> <8@0 2 B5G5=85 =5A:>;L:8E <5AOF52 2 3>4C, :>340 @5:0 70<5@70;0 8 ?;020=85 =0 :>@01;OE ?@8>AB0=02;820;>AL. 8AL<0 ?> ?>GB5 >B?@02;O;8AL %0@B>< A ?5@8>48G=>ABLN >48= @07 2 425 =545;8. 1I55 8E G8A;> A>AB028;> >:>;> 1500 ?8A5<. 0==0O ?5@5?8A:0 =5 A>45@60;0 3@8D «A5:@5B=>» 8 E@0=8;0AL 2 0@E825 >=4>=A:>3> >D8A0 B0<>6=8. @8E>482H85 65 ?>GB8 5654=52=> B5;53@0<<K A H8D@>< «A5:@5B=>» M<?15;; 7018@0; : A515 4><>9. B25B=K5 ?8AL<0 M<?15;;0 %0@BC 1868-1907 33. 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A5@8N ?>4 :>4>< "Z", :>B>@0O 5I5 =5 1K;0 ?@>=C<5@>20=0. ! ;5B0 1879 3. >= =0G0; =C<5@>20BL ?8AL<0 ?>4 A5@859 A :>4>< "". ! 8N=O 1879 3. ?> 8N;L 1886 3. ?8AL<0 H;8 ?>4 42C<O A5@8O<8: "Z" 8 "".  ?5@8>4 A >:BO1@O 1868 3. ?> <09 1870 3. >AB020;8AL =5?@>=C<5@>20==K<8.  @O45 A;CG052 ?8AL<0 H;8 A >B<5B:>9 "G0AB=>5". <5==> 2 =8E A>45@60;8AL =081>;55 206=K5 A2545=8O :0A0B5;L=> >B=>H5=89 <564C 42C<O AB@0=0<8. </p> <p>! B>G:8 7@5=8O 02B>@0 AB0BL8, ACI5AB2C5B =5OA=>ABL ?> 2>?@>AC E0@0:B5@0 ?5@5?8A:8 %0@B0. >OA=5=85 : :8B09A:>9 25@A88 ?5@5?8A:8 A>>1I05B > A5:@5B=>9 :>48@>2:5 ?8A5<.  F5;OE A5:@5B=>AB8, %0@B 8 M<?15;; ?@8<5=O;8 H8D@. 0?@8<5@, A;>2> «@5AB>» (Presto) - 8=>340 C:07K205B =0 0@30@8, 8=>340 =0 4@C38E ;N459. 'B>1K A18BL A B>;:C =565;0B5;L=>3> G8B0B5;O, 87=0G0;L=> =C<5@0F8O B5;53@0<< 8<5;0 420 B8?0: 2 >4=><  =C<5@0F8O F8D@ H;0 >B <5=LH8E : 1>;LH8<, =0?@8<5@ 1,2,3..., 2 4@C3><  =C<5@0F8O H;0 >B 1>;LH8E F8D@ : <5=LH8<, =0?@8<5@, 999, 998, 997... 0640O B5;53@0<<0 42CAB>@>==59 ?5@5?8A:8 8<5;0 C:070=85 3>40, <5AOF0 8 G8A;0, @0A?>;>65==KE 2 >?@545;5==>< ?>@O4:5, 2> 871560=85 B>3>, GB>1K G8B0B5;L ?>=O; A>45@60=85.</p> <p>! 1881 3. 42CAB>@>==85 B5;53@0<<K ?><8<> B0<>65==KE 45; 8 >1<5=0 <564C=0@>4=K<8 =>2>ABO<8 B0:65 :0A0;8AL 2K?>;=5=8O A5:@5B=KE C:070=89 %0@B0.  :>=F5 :064>9 B5;53@0<<K AB>O; A5:@5B=K9 :>4 ?@54K4CI59 B5;53@0<<K. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 2=0G0;5 AB>O; H8D@ ?@8H54H59 B5;53@0<<K, => 53> F8D@K @0A?>;030;8AL 2 >1@0B=>< ?>@O4:5, MB> ?>:07K20;> =0 A>25@H5==CN A5:@5B=>ABL B5;53@0<<K. A;8 :>4 1K; 4>102;5= 2 >1KG=>< ?>@O4:5, B> MB> 3>2>@8;> > ?>;CA5:@5B=>AB8. -B0 4>3>2>@5==>ABL A>E@0=O;0AL 2?;>BL 4> 1900 3., :>340 B5;53@0D=>5 A>>1I5=85 <564C 8B05< 8 70?04>< 1K;> 2@5<5==> ?@5:@0I5=> 2 A2O78 A 2>AAB0=85< 8EMBC0=59. 5:>B>@K5 87 B5;53@0<< %0@B0 8<5NB 425 40BK, >4=0  40B0 >B?@02;5=8O B5;53@0<<K, 4@C30O - 70?8AL 40BK ?>;CG5=8O 55 M<?15;;><. </p> <p> 0=3;>O7KG=>< 20@80=B5 ?5@5?8A:8 %0@B ?8H5B ?@0:B8G5A:8 >1> 2A5<: > ?>3>45, ?>40@:0E, ?>:C?:5 :=83, >4564K, ?>2545=88 B5E 8;8 8=KE ;8F, A204L15 A2>59 4>G5@8, B> 5ABL >1 >1I58725AB=KE D0:B0E. 8B09A:89 65 8AB>G=8: A>45@68B @5:><5=40F88, :>B>@K5 %0@B 4020; A2>5<C ?@54AB028B5;N 2 >=4>=5 :0A0B5;L=> 70:C?>: AC4>2, 2708<>>B=>H5=89 2 8=>AB@0==K<8 3>AC40@AB20<8, ?5@53>2>@>2 A $@0=F859 2> 2@5<O D@0=:>-:8B09A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 1884-1885 33., B.5 AC3C1> :>=D845=F80;L=CN 8=D>@<0F8N. </p> <p> ?5@5?8A:5 .%0@B0 A 6..M<?15;;>< =0H;8 >B@065=85 ?@0:B8G5A:8 2A5 <564C=0@>4=K5 A>1KB8O B>3> 2@5<5=8, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 D@0=:>-:8B09A:89 :>=D;8:B 1883-1885 33. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, >=0 O2;O5BAO F5==K< 8AB>G=8:>< ?> 87CG5=8N A0<>3> 2>5==>3> :>=D;8:B0, 405B 206=K5 A2545=8O, :>B>@K5 =8345 1>;LH5 =5 >B@065=K 8 8<5==> 2 =59 <>6=> =09B8 ?8AL<5==>5 ?>4B25@645=85 A>1KB89 8 ?@8G8=, =0 :>B>@K5 8AA;54>20B5;L 40==>9 ?@>1;5<0B8:8 8<55B ;8HL :>A25==K5 AAK;:8 8 <>65B ;8HL 4>304K20BLAO 8 AB@>8BL ?@54?>;>65=8O. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, 8<5==> 1;03>40@O MB>9 ?5@5?8A:5 AB0=>28BAO >G5284=>9 B0 :>;>AA0;L=0O @>;L 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65= 8 G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 2>73;02;O; 8E. #@53C;8@>20=85 D@0=:>-:8B09A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 1@8B0=A:8< ?@54AB028B5;5<, =0E>4OI8<AO =0 A;C615 :8B09A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20, A;C68B 1;5ABOI8< ?@8<5@>< 1@8B0=A:>9 «=5>D8F80;L=>9 48?;><0B88». 0==K9 <5E0=87< @0AF5=820;AO 0=3;8G0=0<8 =5 8=0G5, :0: C40G=>5 =0G0;> @5>@30=870F88 :8B09A:>3> >1I5AB20. @8 D0:B8G5A:>< 157459AB288 2 8B05 70?04=KE 48?;><0B8G5A:8E :0=0;>2 40==0O «=5>D8F80;L=0O 48?;><0B8O» ?@5:@0A=> ?>4E>48;0 4;O 40;L=59H53> <0AHB01=>3> ?@>=8:=>25=8O 2 8B09 70?04=KE 45@602. </p> <h2>!! " "# +</h2> <p>09 D5=. '6C=3> E093C0=L <840=L: %M4M, &78=L4M=30=L E0=L4O=LEC91O=L («F5=:0» 8B09A:>3> A5:@5B=>3> 0@E820 B0<>6=8: A>1@0=85 B5;53@0<< %0@B0, M<?15;;0) // &78=L409 O=LF7N ;8H8. 5:8=, 1991, !6. 8 0=LEC9. %M4M FN0=L;8 F7>2M9 EM <0>4C=L A8=3M (H81:8 C?@02;5=8O %0@B0 8 E0@0:B5@ ?@>B82>@5G89) // &78=L409 O=LF7N ;8H8. 5:8=, 1991, !3. 8 %C=G60= FN0=L F78. O=L30>8 (!>1@0=85 B5;53@0<<. 8 %C=G60=. 1880-1888). ".1, (0=E09, 1985. '60= &78FO=L. &78=L4M=30=L N9 G6C=3> E093C0=L (M<?15;; 8 :8B09A:0O B0<>6=O) // &78=L409 O=LF7N ;8H8. 5:8=, 1989, !6. '6C=3> E093C0=L <840=L %M4M, &78=L4M=30=L %0=L4O=LEC91O=L (1874-1907) (!5:@5B=K9 0@E82 8B09A:8E >@A:8E B0<>65=, A>1@0=85 B5;53@0<< %0@B0 8 M<?15;;0). ".1-8, 5:8=, 1992-1995. Hart R. The Inspector General in Peking, 1868-1907 / Ed. by J.Fairbank, Vol.I-II, London, 1975. Norton H. The peoples and politics of the Far East: travels and studies in the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies, Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya. NY., 1895. Treaties between the empire of China and Foreign Powers together with regulations for the conduct of foreign trade, conventions, agreements, regulations etc. / Ed. by W.F.Mayers. 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